This project examines social and spatial inequalities due to Low-Emission Zones (LEZs) in France. It analyzes how household characteristics — income, type of vehicle, residential and professional location — determine their exposure to restrictions and their ability to adapt. The aim is also to assess the optimal argeting of suppport measures, such as vehicle scrappage subsidies or social leasing, by examining the trade-off between environmental effectiveness and equity. The study will focus on the Montpellier urban area, with possible comparisons with other French urban areas.
