The European road freight industry must electrify a large share of its heavy-duty vehicle fleet by 2040. Existing studies primarily focus on technologies and comparative powertrain costs, relying on average use patterns that are poorly representative of operational realities. This study starts from current road freight conditions and practices to assess, beyond purely technological choices, the potential for optimizing logistics chains and vehicle allocation according to driving range. By combining technological levers with usage-related levers, it aims to identify optimal transformation and decarbonization pathways, based on interviews with key stakeholders and modeling grounded in granular, real-world data on distances traveled, location, and professional activity typologies.