Panel DADS : Panel for Annual Declaration of Social Data
Products:
1976-2010, 1976-2009, 1976-2008, 1976-2007, 1976-2002
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Authorisation: Statistical Confidentiality Committee
The DADS panel enables to follow individuals since 1976. It corresponds until 2001 to a 1/25 sample obtained by keeping individuals born in October on an even year. Starting 2002, the sample was doubled.
Documentation by product
Projects using this data source (240)
- Social inequalities, shapes, accumulations and transmissions
- Access to employment opportunities in urban areas targeted by “equal opportunity” policies
- Impact of companies' internal organization and functioning on merchandise, service and capital flows from one country to another
- Securing careers, short term contracts, labor relations and negotiations in labor market related issues
- Impact study of the 2004 employment subsidy for the catering sector
- Labor management in family businesses
- Overindebtedness and salary evolution regarding the economic cycle
- Job seeking behavior / wage, work hours, employment contract
- Territory dynamics, job structure and international trade
- Professional mobility and inequality on the labor market
- Social pressure and employment contracts
- Experimenting with a rigorous evaluation of the competitiveness and employment tax credit (crédit d’impôt pour la compétitivité et l’emploi “CICE”)
- Financing structure, commercial credit and shock: how they spread in corporate networks
- The organisational side of wage inequality: profession, gender and ethnic background
- Careers confronted with over-qualification
- Effectiveness of gender equality policies in large companies
- Adjusting salaries among local labor markets and companies
- The labor market effects of non-tariff barriers
- Globalization, mobility and wages
- Financial constraints and transfers of business
- Labor costs and profitability
- Wage gap and innovation
- The distribution of income in France: Origin, cause and evolution
- Professional trajectories and wages for French workers: the exposed and the protected
- Globalization and firm dynamics: an approach through labor organization
- International competition and employment
- Estimating externalities generated by urban areas
- Companies, workers and students: what are the implications of Chinese competition for the various actors in the labor market?
- Forms of employment in hospitals
- Rising spatial inequalities in France
- Urban sprawl and energy consumptions
- Wages and local labor market
- Integration of migrants into the French labour market: the importance of geographical factors
- Segmentation between undetermined duration and determined duration employment contracts
- Inter- and intra-sectoral professional pathways, education and competence
- Profiling Entrepreneurs and young busyness performance
- Interdisciplinary evaluation of the impact on employment, innovation and competitiveness of the competitiveness and employment tax credit (crédit d’impôt pour la compétitivité et l’emploi “CICE”)
- Analyzing the statistical quality of the population census and statistical data
- Structural modelling of labor and housing markets transitions
- Impact of social contributions on wages
- Comparative study of the impact of incentive bonuses, profit-sharing and company administration by the employees on the economic performance
- Wage dynamics and work hours in France and Germany
- Key factors in enterprise development in France
- The impact of dispersion and wage structure on company performance and employee turnover
- Job quality in coops
- Inclusion in globalisation, entrepreneurship and firm dynamics
- How Immigration Impacts Natives’ Jobs and Wages
- Study staff representatives to better understand working relationships and the conditions for sharing the added value
- Urban growth, fertility and real estate prices
- Political economy of public housing in France
- Investment in public infrastructures and innovative firms in France
- Effects of corporate taxes companies and on the labour market
- Study of business support in "working-class districts" on financial performance and induced social impact
- Between- and within-firm inequality: a structural approach
- Workforce Management Practices and Use of Short Contracts: Public / Private Sector Comparisons
- Gender diversity in management and ICT
- L'incidence des taxes dans l'entreprise et la division du surplus
- Local multipliers and incidence of shocks in terms of local demand for labor in France
- Pricing experience and employment selectivity
- Analyzing links between job cuts and business performance in France from 2001 to 2012
- Local multipliers and incidence of shocks in terms of local demand for labor in France
- Interdependent entrepreneurship
- Complexity of taxes and inequalities in France
- Measurement and determinants of non-price competitiveness at the firm level
- Robotisation and Employment
- Lifelong learning in France: empirical analysis of private provision and public policy
- The liberalization of international trade and employee-employer incidence
- (Why) Are industrial groups different? Domestic labor markets and assets in French industrial groups
- Impact study of immigration on the employment structure of the national active population's (per professional activity)
- Human Capital and the Lifecycle of Firms
- Wages and trajectories
- Economic Clusters and Inequalities
- Inter- and intra-city spatial disparities in nominal and real wages
- Polarization of employment, mobility and spatial classification
- DGT Project
- Labour market concentration and Wages in France
- The restructuring of the pharmaceutical industry: outlooks on employment, social relations and the role of expertise
- Social mobility(ies), career paths and inequalities
- The redistributive impact of the entire set of contributions and public spending
- Private Equity and Gender Pay Gap
- Labor costs and business organizations
- Micro-simulations of the effect of business-relted fiscal policy reforms
- DGT Project
- DGT Project
- France Stratégie's studies
- Do Firms Move? An Estimation of Local Labor Demand Elasticity
- Retain and retrain: Firms' workforce organization in response to trade
- How do French companies perform in foreign markets?
- Relations between mobility from one laboratory to another and innovation
- L'impact de l'augmentation de l'impôt sur les sociétés sur les grandes entreprises
- Spatial determining factors in real estate prices
- Impact of cross-border acquisitions on gender diversity at target firms
- Dynamics of income and wealth in France
- Inequality between individuals and between households: an analysis through family situations and professional careers
- Intergenerational inequalities and taxation in France
- Assessment of capital tax reforms in France
- Labor market inequalities
- Housing market dynamics, public policies and spatial inequalities
- The media economy in France: concentration and results, a historical approach
- Analyzing the worker’s geographic mobility and their mobility regarding their career
- Determinants of the inter-firm mobility of workers
- Study of the effects of intra-European mobility on the French labour market
- Assessment of the impact of “ La Bonne Boîte” (Pole Emploi platform)
- Redistribution, housing and spatial heterogeneity
- Taxation and entrepreneurship
- Dynamic microsimulation representative of the French population
- Productivity, trade and demand
- General Directorate for Enterprises project
- Professional Mobility and Wage Dynamics
- Impact of acquiring foreign subsidiaries on French employment
- Wage Inequality and Externalization of Employment relations
- French National Court of Audit project, Department of Methods and Data
- Collective bargaining and wage dynamics
- Securisation and improvement of data access for the General Inspectorate of Finance
- Taxation and imperfect information: origin, transmission and apprenticeship
- The value of an employee-employer match to the worker and to the firm
- Conséquences économiques de l’immigration et intégration des immigrés en France
- Allocation efficiency, labor market dynamics and the driving of productivity
- Spatial wage inequality in France
- Company Growth and Well-Being: Internal and External Factors
- Air pollution and labour productivity : an empirical analysis on French data
- Social mobility in France: the role of real estate
- Company Hétérogeneity and wage spread
- Macroeconomic Trends and Divergences between Companies: a Case Study of France
- Fiscal shocks, local specialization, and local labor markets
- Characterizing wage dynamics and employment over an extended period
- Decomposing wage inequality and their evolution: the part played by companies
- Optimal taxation of capital and inheritance - Calibrating theoretical formula using French data
- Unemployment Insurance and Short-Time-Work compensation
- Workers’ specialization
- Employment volatility in cities
- The effects of environmental policies on the labour market in France
- Urban growth and spatial disparities
- Trade, technology and employment dynamics
- Investments in human capital and employee working conditions: implications for people's careers and company performance
- Profit sharing and corporate performance
- Technology, Competition and Labor Markets
- Intergenerational mobility and residential segregation
- Shocks, companies ajustments and social protection
- Employer concentration and worker mobility in France
- The impact of weather on worker preferences
- Foreign trade, industrial pollutant emissions, and direct and indirect impacts of environmental regulations
- Shareholding, human resources and organizational performance
- Inequality in exposure to air pollution and the urban structure
- Connectivity, Innovation and Business Dynamism
- Local labour market mismatches and heterogeneity of jobs and geography: a course in labour economics
- Taxation and technology markets
- Microeconomic determining factors affecting growth, volatility and sectorial margin rates
- Jobs and cities: the role of spatial and professional mobility in the polarization of the labor market
- Automatisation, travail et changement structurel
- Pour une transition économique inclusive et durable : le rôle du commerce international et de la technologie dans un nouveau modèle économique
- Inequalities in local labour markets
- Dynamics of territorial organization and spatial inequalities in urban environments subject to local pollution problems
- Effects of long term recessions
- Capital immatériel et diffusion de la technologie : mesure et implications pour la croissance de la productivité, le pouvoir de marché et les inégalités salariales
- Construire un modèle à agents-hétérogènes (HANK) pour la France pour évaluer l'effet économique des transferts fiscaux et sociaux.
- Inefficacités du Marché du Travail : Effets Agrégés et Outils Fiscaux
- Risk exposure, competition and low pricing
- Termination of the employment contract cost analysis
- Contractual termination: How does a management practice spread ?
- Hiring abroad and corporate internationalization strategies
- The butcher, the brewer, and the baker: the share of jobs in wage of inequality
- Le télétravail du point de vue des entreprises : Implications en termes de décisions de localisation employeur-employé, de productivité, de salaires et de bien-être
- Studies of the local effects of the mobility of the retirees
- Etude sur les dynamiques concurrentielles entre entreprises et leurs effets sur la gestion des ressources humaines.
- Situations familiales, transitions et mobilités à partir de l’Échantillon démographique permanent
- Numérisation, économies d'impôts et effets de la concurrence
- Housing markets: Dynamics of land use, prices and wealth
- Ecarts de genre sur le marché du travail : cours d'économie du travail
- Difficultés de recrutement : cours d'économie du travail
- The role of the socio-economic and media environment in victimization and its treatment
- Learning and wage growth within firms
- Firms, workers and job mobility
- Performances des entreprises et environnement
- The consequences of Monopoly Power For Economic Growth
- The impact of imported Chinese inputs on the occupational composition within firms
- Study of the impact of labor cost in companies and employment
- Conséquences Micro-Economiques et Régulation de l'Immigration en France
- The Network Origin of Slow Labor Reallocation
- Préavis de Licenciement et Recherche d'Emploi
- Réglementations environnementales, importations et innovation verte au niveau de l'entreprise
- Analyse comparative des organisations de l'économie sociale et solidaire et celles du secteur privé lucratif
- The impact of automation on the companies using this process: employment, wages, productivity and corporate organisation
- Les effets des obligations de reporting environnemental sur les pratiques environnementales des entreprises
- CITELAB — étude de l’impact des changements économiques et techologiques sur les agglomérations françaises et leurs marchés du travail
- Anticipations d'inflation et ajustement des prix et salaires dans les entreprises
- Anatomy of Mid-Sized Companies
- Statistical regularities of quantities related to companies
- Family Businesses - Long-Term Investment
- Firms Organization and Job Satisfaction
- Distribution of talent between the public and private sectors: the case of teachers
- Marché du travail et trajectoires professionnelles dans le secteur médico-social
- Employer concentration and worker mobility in France
- The effect of TGV through production network
- ESG audits and labor demand! Evidence from France
- Incidence des aides des transferts vers les travailleurs à bas salaires (de type "prime activité")
- Le salaire des travailleurs intérimaires
- Determinants and Local Consequences of Immigration in France
- Monopsone, fixation des salaires, effets de réseau : les conséquences de la concentration du marché du travail en France
- The Dynamics of Public Finance and Spending Distribution in the Face of Globalization
- Taxes environnementales, performance des entreprises, et emploi
- Quantifying the impact of structural change and supply-side policies on the French production system
- Naviguer en période de turbulences : Enquête sur les relations commerciales des entreprises et la mobilité des employés
- Innovation and Performance of Start-up Companies
- Difficultés de recrutement : compétences et déficits d'information
- Import competition and outsourcing to individual workers
- Educative and professional impact of expanding high schools in France
- The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the Labor Market
- Les effets sur l’emploi des gouvernances et stratégies d’entreprises
- Reputation and adoption of environmental standards
- Wealth accumulation and capital investment dynamics of entrepreneurs
- Unions, monopsony and clauses
- Évaluation des effets de la fiscalité de l'épargne sur le bien-être des ménages
- The Impact of Firm-Specific Human Capital on Unemployment and Income Inequality in France
- Dans quelle mesure la mise en place de la semaine de 35 heures, en tant que réforme réduisant le temps de travail, a-t-elle modifié les trajectoires professionnelles des femmes et influencé leurs choix familiaux ?
- Productivity or profit? The labor market effects of advanced technology
- Intelligence artificielle, robotique et croissance
- Espaces urbains et destins individuels : l’impact du logement social, de la ségrégation et du tissu associatif local
- Pour une transition économique inclusive et durable : le rôle du commerce international et de la technologie dans un nouveau modèle économique
- L'impact de la structure de financement des entreprises sur la résilience des investissements au cours du cycle
- Effects of external shocks on French firms and employment
- Inequalities in local labour markets
- Mobilité résidentielle, cycle de vie et attractivité des territoires
- Dépendances juridiques et économiques et gestion de l'emploi
- TRANSITIONS
- Taxation and corporate philantropy
- The subjective aspects of wages
- Influence of cities in the discrimination of women within the labor market
- Minimum wage, inequalities and economic growth: the case of French departments in the Americas
- Analyzing long term effects of kindergarten schooling
- Business creation and credit constraint: the role of collateral
- Innovation, reorganization and company finance
- Links between individual mobility and productive fabric dynamics
- Unemployment benefits and the gap between employee and employer
- Taxation of incomes in the finance sector
- Impact study of insolvency procedures on careers of the employees targeted by their company's judicial review and liquidation
- Stock value and employee turnover
- Impact of industrial risks on housing segregation, prices and local industrial network
- Studying the careers of civil servants on short term contracts
- Territorial agglomerations: the impact of the cost cutting on productivity
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Articles (100)
- Financiarisation et fractures socio-spatiales
- Bien ou mal payés ? Salariés du public et du privé jugent leurs salaires
- Le salaire dépend-il du sexe du supérieur ?
- Les salaires vus par les salaries
- Wages, Bonuses and Appropriation of Profit in the Financial Industry, 244 pages (ouvrage)
- Should We Clash or Should I Go? The Impact of Low Wage and Bad Working Conditions on the Exit–Voice Trade-off
- Wage Comparisons in and out of the Firm. Evidence from a Matched Employer-Employee French Database
- Accès à l'emploi dans les territoires de la politique de la ville : un appariement entre emplois et populations
- Sex and the City : Gender Gaps in Labor Markets and Economic Geography
- The March of the Techies: Technology, Trade, adn Job Polarization in France, 1994-2007
- Techies, Trade, and Skill-Biased Productivity
- The March of the Techies: Job Polarization Within and Between Firms
- Insurance between firms: the role of internal labor markets
- Why are internal labor markets active in French business groups?
- Exploiting growth opportunities: the role of internal labour markets
- Trade Shocks and Far-Right Voting: Evidence from French Presidential Elections
- Essays on Local Labor Markets in France
- Chinese imports competition’s impact on employment and the wage distribution : evidence from French local labor markets
- Countercylical school attainment and intergenerational mobility
- Salaires et salariés en Ile-de-France
- Does exporting Improve Matching? Evidence from French linked firm-employee data
- Immigrants and Firms' Productivity: Evidence from France
- Immigration and Firms. Outcomes: Evidence from France
- Working in Family Firms: Paid Less but More Secure? Evidence from French Matched Employer-Employee Data
- The Great Compression of the French Wage Structure
- Les déterminants de la mobilisation des “gilets jaunes”
- The Carbon "Carprint" of Urbanization: New Evidence from French Cities
- Gains de productivité statiques et d'apprentissage induits par les phénomènes d'agglomération au sein du Grand Paris
- Mobilités inegalités et trajectoires professionnelles
- Incidence and Behavioural Response to Social Security Contributions: An Analysis of Kink Points in France
- Quels effets attendre de la transformation du CICE en réductions de cotisations employeurs ?
- Using payroll taxes as a redistribution tool
- Do hiring credits work in recessions evidence from France?
- The Effectiveness of Hiring Credits
- Frictional Labor Mobility
- Job Search and Migration in a System of Cities
- Frictional Labour Mobility
- A Theory of Pareto Distributions
- The Costs of Agglomeration: House and Land Prices in French Cities
- Wage inequality in workers’ cooperatives and conventional firms
- Quelle égalité dans les SCOP? Analyse quantitative et qualitative de la distribution des salaires et de la flexibilité de l'emploi
- A Real Utopia Under What Conditions? The Economic and Social Benefits of Workplace Democracy in Knowledge-Intensive Industries
- The impact on wages and worked hours of childbirth in France
- The time and the transitions back to work in France after maternity
- Accounting for Wealth Inequality Dynamics: Methods, Estimates and Simulations for France (1880-2014)
- Income Inequality in France, 1900-2014: Evidence from Distributional National Accounts
- La représentation syndicale des femmes, de l’adhésion à la prise de responsabilités : une inclusion socialement sélective
- Distorted Monopolistic Competition
- Quantifying the gap between equilibrium and optimum under monopolistic competition
- On the productivity advantage of cities
- Dynamiques et inégalités territoriales - Enjeux
- The Geograpgy of Firm Dynamics: Measuring Business Demograpgy for Regional Development
- A portrait of AI adopters across countries: Firm characteristics, assets’ complementarities and productivity
- Spécialisation productive et compétitivité de l'économie française,
- L'innovation en France peut-elle bénéficier aux salariés peu qualifiés ?
- Evaluation interdisciplinaire des impacts du CICE en matière de compétitivité internationale, d'investissement, d'emploi, de résultat net des entreprises et de salaire
- Exports and labor costs: evidence from a French policy
- Coût du travail et exportations : analyses sur données d'entreprises
- Métamorphoses et permanences des parcours professionnels en France (1968-2018). Pour une approche cohortale et sexuée des évolutions de l’emploi.
- How do wage setting institutions affect wage rigidity? Evidence from French micro data
- Moving up or down? Immigration and the selection of blue-collar natives across occupations and locations
- Tax Simplicity and Heterogeneous Learning
- Rising between-workplace inequalities in high-income countries
- The Great Separation. Top Earner Segregation at Work in High-Income Countries
- Employment reallocaton and productivity during the Great Recession: Evidence from French manufacturing firms
- Threats and opportunities in the digital era: automation spikes and employment dynamics
- Threats and opportunities in the digital era: Automation spikes and employment dynamics
- For Whom the Bell Tolls: The Effects of Automation on Wage and Gender Inequality Within Firms
- Reallocation and productivity during the Great Recession: evidence from French manufacturing firms
- Gender Differences in Job Search: Trading off Commute against Wage
- Courir après le temps. Une première naissance après 35 ans ?
- Au recensement, 2.5% de doubles comptes. D'après l'échantillon démographique permanent
- Age at first birth and subsequent fertility: The case of adolescent mothers in France and England and Wales
- ‘Will the one who keeps the children keep the house?’ Residential mobility after divorce by parenthood status and custody arrangements in France
- 100 ans de ségrégation urbaine : analyse des inégalités d’accès à la ville à partir des trajectoires résidentielles au sein de l’agglomération parisienne (1911-2015)
- Apports et limites de l’Échantillon Démographique Permanent à l’analyse des trajectoires résidentielles et des inégalités spatiales (1968-2014)
- Les couples de même sexe dans les pays occidentaux : mieux reconnus et plus nombreux
- Entitled to Leave: the Impact of Unemployment Insurance Eligibility on Employment Duration and Job Quality
- Assurance chômage et durée des emplois
- Production Networks and Economic Policy
- Coût du travail et exportations : analyses sur données d’entreprises
- Job-to-Job Flows and Wage Dynamics in France and Italy
- Que deviennent les salariés qui perdent leur emploi ?
- Labor share, foreign demand and superstar exporters
- Macroeconomic Effects of Market Structure Distortions: Evidence from French Cartels
- Heavy is the Crown: CEOs' Social Interactions and Layoff Decisions
- Evaluation du dispositif d'aide fiscale à l'investissement locatif Pinel
- Évaluation du contrat d'objectifs et de performance (COP) 2016-2020 de l'Office National des Fôrets (ONF) - Proposition de pistes d'évolution
- Le phénomène de non-assurance dans les départements et collectivités d’Outre-mer
- Statistiques sur le recours aux dispositifs de mars à septembre 2020 - Document préparé par le secrétariat conjoint France Stratégie / Inspection générale des finances
- Rapport final du comité de suivi et d’évaluation des mesures de soutien aux entreprises confrontées à l'épidémie de Covid-19
- Employeurs et salariés au cœur de l’usage croissant des contrats courts. Une enquête dans trois secteurs sur trois territoires en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’azur
- Flexibilité et transformation des relations d’emploi : une segmentation des pratiques de gestion de la main-d’oeuvre
- Multinational Enterprises and the French Trade Deficit
- Intergenerational income mobility in France: A comparative and geographic analysis
- Labor Market Concentration and Wages: Incumbents versus New Hires
- Fin de carrière des seniors : quelles spécificités selon les métiers ?
- Inégalité des chances : ce qui compte le plus
- Dividend Taxes and the Allocation of Capital: Comment
- Carbon Pricing and Inflation Expectations: Evidence from France
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Other sources in the same theme (66)
- EEC : Continuous Labour Force Survey
- EEA : Annual Labour Force Survey
- BTS-Postes : Base Tous Salariés : fichier Postes
- CLAP Entreprises : Local knowledge on company production
- CLAP Etablissements : Local knowledge on establishment production
- CLAP Postes : Local knowledge on production systems
- Panel DADS-EDP : DADS panel with matched data from EDP
- BTS-Etablissements : Base Tous Salariés : fichier Etablissements
- ESE : Survey on employment structure
- SIASP Postes : Système d'Information sur les Agents des Services Publics - Fichier Postes
- ECMOSS : Surveys on labour costs and wage structure
- Panel tous salariés : All-employee panel
- Panel tous salariés-EDP : All employee panel-EDP
- BTS-Entreprises : Base Tous Salariés : fichier Entreprises
- BTS-Salariés : Base Tous Salariés : fichiers Salariés
- ACEMO-DSE : Labour force activity and working conditions - survey on company level social dialogue
- SEQUOIA_Assiette : Information from the monitoring of the private sector wage bill
- REPONSE_direction : Enquête Relations professionnelles et Négociations d'entreprise, volet Représentants de la Direction
- REPONSE_personnel : Enquête Relations professionnelles et Négociations d'entreprise, volet Représentants du personnel
- REPONSE_salariés : Enquête Relations professionnelles et Négociations d'entreprise, volet Salariés
- Rupture conventionnelle : Contractual termination
- MMO : Labour movements
- D@ccord : Statistical database of firms collective agreements
- ACEMO-Trimestrielle : Labour force activity and working conditions - quarterly survey
- ACEMO-PIPA : Labour force activity and working conditions - survey on employees profit-sharing, incentive plans, savings plans and share ownership
- CT_Employeurs : Labour conditions - employers section
- Contrats_apprentissage : Apprenticeship contracts
- SIASP Etablissements : Système d'Information sur les Agents des Services Publics - Fichier Etablissements
- ECMO : Survey on labour costs
- Panel ACEMO : Panel of the survey on Labour force activity and working conditions
- CUI : Unique integration contract
- EA : Job for the Future Program
- DPAE : Pre-employment declaration
- ACTPART : Part-time work
- STMT : Monthly labour market statistics
- Panel REPONSE : Panel of the survey on labour relations and agreement negotiations -
- CT_Individus : Labour conditions - employees section
- CT_Panel : Working Conditions - Panel
- CT_Salariés_Employeurs : Working Conditions - Matching Employees and Employers
- CT_Conso_Soins : Working conditions - Matching to care consumption data
- FGE : File on Central Civil Servants
- SINAPSE : Autorization and compensation requests of partial work
- MARS : Union Audience and Representativeness Measure
- SEQUOIA_eff : Information from the monitoring of the number of employees in the private sector
- ACEMO-Covid : Labor Force Activity and working conditions during the COVID-19 health crisis
- FLORES Entreprises : Local wage and employment register - Companies
- FLORES Etablissements : Local wage and employment register - Establishments
- FLORES Postes : Local wage and employment register - Positions
- FLORES Flux de salariés : Local wage and employment register - Employee Turnover
- REPONSE_salariésPTS : Comparitive survey matching all employees/employee section panels - RESPONSE
- BMO : Manpower Requirements Survey
- AT-MP-CNAM : Workplace accidents - Occupational Injuries
- SIPSI : Online information system for declaring employee secondment
- Panel Trajam : Panel Trajam
- Panel non salariés : Non employees panel
- MIDAS :
- Panel CUI :
- Intérim :
- IAE-enquête sortants :
- CEJ-JR :
- IAE-données administratives :
- AIJ :
- FPE :
- Panel tous actifs :
- Panel tous actifs - EDP :
- Enquête EF :
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Persistent Identifiers (DOI)
Data citation and persistent identifiers (DOI - Digital Object Identifier) for each year.